Coke oven structure



Feb- 22, 1944- w.` swlETosLAwsKl 2,342,309

COKE OVEN S TRUCTURE Filed Feb. 25, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Patented. Feb. 22, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE COKE OVEN STRUCTURE Wojciech Swietoslawski, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Application February 23, 1942, Serial No. 431,915

` s claims. (01.202-223) This invention relates to coke ovens; and particularly to retort, or 'by-product, ovens, in which coking chambers of relatively great length and height and of relatively small width are arranged in battery formation, side by side, with flues between. In these `flues the hot gases flow that heat the charges in the coking chambers, and effect the distillation of hydrocarbons that is of the essence of the coking operation. The invention consists in such an arrangement of chambers and ilues and such a selection of materials as to afford ovens of high efliciency, easy maintenance, and great durability. This application is a continuation in part of an application led by me December 18, 1940, Serial No. 370,569.

It is the usual practice to form the walls of the coking chambers of ceramic refractory material, brick or tile. These walls must be accessible for repair; and this necessity imposes a minimum limit upon chamber width. It would be advantageous, both in the matter of the quality of the coke and in speed and economy of production, to reduce still further the width of the chamber. Metallic walls could be used. Difliculties, however, arise because of mechanical deformations of them due to the variation in the conditions of heating, when one of two neighboring coke chambers is just filled with a new charge and the other is already heated to a relatively high temperature. lMy invention is found in structure and arrangement such as to allow diminution of chamber width beyond the point of limitation heretofore impassable, and yet to have ceramic Walls accessible for repair.

In the accompanying drawings Fig. I is a fragmentary and diagrammatic View in Vertical and transverse section of a battery of coke ovens in whose structure my invention is embodied. Fig.

II is a similar view to larger scale in which, for

purposes of explanation, a temperature curve is plotted. Fig. III is a fragmentary view to larger scale, but on the same plane of section with Fig. I, showing one unit of the battery. Fig. IV is a fragmentary view to somewhat smaller scale than Fig.' III, showing the structure in vertical and longitudinal section, on the plane indicated by the line IV-IV, Fig. III. Fig. V is a view to equal scale with Fig. III, showing the structure in horizonta1 section, on the plane indicated at V--V, Fig. IV.

The invention is found in arranging between two properly spaced parallel ceramic walls I a plurality of metallic walls '2.- These metallic Walls 2 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the mid-plane between the walls l. The ceramic walls I define flues A through which the streams of coking gases enter the battery of ovens, and the metallic walls 2 denne return fiues B, through which the gaseous streams return through the battery. The courses of the gaseous streams are indicated by arrows, Fig. I. In the arrangement shown in Fig. I two metallic walls 2 are arranged between two ceramic walls l; two coking chambers C, C are formed by and between the metallic walls and the ceramic Walls, and a return flue B is formed by and between the two metallic walls.

Fig. I shows a succession of such pairs of ceramic walls l with intervening pairs of metal walls 2; and it shows that the adjacent ceramic walls l of the succeeding pairs form by and between them the iiues A. And it will be particularly perceived of the metallic walls 2 that, arranged as they are in pairs and symmetrically placed with respect to the mid-plane between two walls I, forming together the opposite walls of a flue B, and constituting the proximate walls of the pair of symmetrically arranged coking chambers C, they are, throughout the course of the coking operation, subject to substantially identical temperature conditions. Regarding as a unit each pair of ceramic walls I with a pair of metal walls 2 arranged between them, it will be seen that, separated-unit from unit by flues A, heat conditions within one unit can have no appreciable disturbing eiect upon the equality of temperature that exists in the two metal walls 2 of an adjacent unit.

It will be understood that the two coking chambers C of each unit are regarded as the spread-apart halves of a single chamber, in that they are charged, heated, and emptied simultaneously. The coking chambers are in their general form and arrangement conventional, and are charged and emptied in conventional manner and by conventional apparatus-with obvious adaptation to the diminished width of the chambers.

It remains only to add that obviously the metal walls 2 may be and are made removable, to afford access to the ceramic walls l for purposes of repair; and that, such being the case, the width of the coking chambers C may be diminished to oi its arched roof, extend supporting beams 3. These beams project at their ends through the open-ended cell and, exteriorly of the cell, they may be hung from beams d, as shown in Fig. IV. To the beams 3 a roofplate 5 (which may be 'un-v derstood to be oi metal of suitable resistivity to heat) is secured. The roof-plate is equipped on its nether face with channels 6, and in these channels T-shaped heads formed upon the metal walls 2 are engaged. By such structure the walls 2 are carried, and the connection is such as to allow the walls 2 to be drawn out through the open end of the cell.

Plates 'l hung from plate 5 form the roofs of the coking chambers, and between plates 5 and l the gaseous streams flow from fiues A through orifices D in` walls I and orices E in walls 2 to ilues B.

The two plates 2 that form opposite walls of a flue B may be strengthened to resist distortion under burden by struts 8 borne each by one of the walls and abutting upon the other. Segregation of the coking chamber may be maintained by sand seals 9 and I0.

The coking chambers C at their ends are closed with removable doors II, and these doors are opened and closed, according to the necessities of charging and discharging. In Fig. V it will be seen that the doors of the two coking chambers within a single unit, mo-unted in suitable framework I2, are applicable and removable together. In order that the metal walls 2 shall be removable as there may be need, the pair of Walls 2 within the unit are built into a single structure with the movable door-post I3 (formed essentially of refractory material) that stand in central position at the ends of the unit. Upon these door-posts, when in place, the doors I I close, as shown in Fig. V; but, when the doors have been removed, the posts I3 themselves and the walls 2 that are integrated with them may bc taken away, and then the masonry walls I are freely accessible for repair. The door-posts I3 are removably engaged by sill-platesr I 4 below and lintel plates I5 above.

Referring to Figs. III and IV, the circulating streams of hot gases, rising through ceramicwalled nues 'A (cf. Fig. I), pass through orices D and E, and descend through the metallicwalled flues B. Stream ilow may be controlled by dampers I6 vwhose alternate open and closed positions are indicated in Fig. III.

The following are considerations that are controlling upon the engineer in his designing:

(l) The temperature between the metal walls and the temperature above the coking chambers, that is to say, the temperature in the passageways D and B, should not exceed that which may be dangerous for the resistivity of the material used (metal). k

(2) The metal walls of the oven and all cf the other metallic portions of the structure are suspended from the beams 3, and the walls 2 at their ends are united with the door-posts I3. At the places where these metal portions make contact with the ceramic walls they may be protected by known means against the reaction of ceramic material on metal.

3) Leakage between the flue space B and the coking chamber C is prevented by means of the conventional sand-seals indicated at 9 and I0.

(4) Distortion of the walls 2 under the burden of the charge in the coking chamber is prevented by the braces 8.

As the coking operation progresses a temperature wave is developed that recedes from the heated'walls of the chamber toward the deeper portions of the coal charge. this invention there will be four such recessione within each. unit. hi Fig. II half of a unit is shown and the waves of temperature t, t are plotted, receding from the two walls i and 2 to the interior of the charge within chamber C; and, while it will be perceived of the two waves of this figure that between themselves they are asymmetrical, it will further be perceived that together they will be found to be symmetrical with two corresponding curves within the unit/anden the opposite side of the iiue B. Since the chargixig of the coal and the discharging of the product are carried out simultaneously in the two chambers C, C of each unit, a uniform and symmetrical heating of the two ceramic walls I and of the two metallic walls 2 is assured. Furthermore, the formation of coke (or semi-coke) can be accomplished in a short time, because the chambers may be made as narrow as desired.

While the only lim-it of temperature imposed by the structure of the invention is that at which the metal walls (steel) will cease to be effective, it is manifest that, if there were reason, the coking operation, begun in the oven of the invention, might be completed in another oven, whether of retort or of direct-burning type.

Fig. I shows each unit to include two metallic walls 2, 2 arranged between two ceramic walls I, I. Manifestly, the two ceramic Walls I being suitably spaced, any desired number of metallic walls such as 2 may be arranged between, dividing the space into coking chambers and ues. The only qualications are that the arrangement shall be symmetrical with respect to the midplane between the walls I, I, and that the coking chambers shall be regarded as a unit in that they shall be simultaneously charged and emptied.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a coke oven installation of retort type, in which a plurality of coking chambers of relatively great length and height and of relatively small width are arranged in battery formation, side by side, with flues between, and ue connections for the now of coking gases, the invention herein described, which consists of three vertically extending walls of ceramic material arranged in spaced-apart succession, and a pair of spaced-apart vertically extending walls of refractory metal arranged between two of the three said ceramic rwalls and symmetrically arranged with respect to the mid-plane between such two ceramic Walls, two of the said walls of ceramic material constituting the opposite walls of one of the flues of the said battery, the two said metallic walls constituting the opposite Walls of another of the flues of the said battery, and each of the two said metallic walls together with one of the two ceramic walls between which the metallic walls are arranged constituting opposite walls of two coking chambers of the said battery.

2. The structure of claim l, the metallic walls being removable from the ceramic walls in their assembly in the battery.

3. In a coke oven installation of retort type, in which a plurality of coking chambers of relatively great length and height and of relatively small width are arranged in battery formation, side by side, with flues between, and flue connections for the flow of coking gases, the invention In the oven oi? herein described. which consists in a succession of spaced-apart units within the battery, each unit characterized by two vertically extending and spaced-apart walls of ceramic material and two vertically extending and spaced-apart walls of refractory metal arranged between such ceramic walls. symmetrically disposed with respect to the mid-plane between the ceramic walls and spaced from the ceramic walls, a ceramic wall oi' one unit forming with a ceramic wall of an adjacent unit the opposite walls of one of the nues of the battery, the two said metallic walls constituting opposite walls of another ue of the battery, and the two said metallic walls and the adjacent ceramic walls constituting opposite walls of two cokiug chambers of the battery.

WOJCIECH SWIETOSLAWSKI. 

